Who Should Be Screened?
Age is an important risk factor. Under US guidelines, average-risk, asymptomatic adults should begin screening at age 45. Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer, hereditary cancer syndromes, inflammatory bowel disease or a personal history of colorectal polyps may require an individualised screening and surveillance plan.
Screening Options
Available screening methods include the faecal immunochemical test (FIT), stool DNA tests and colonoscopy. The choice depends on individual risk, clinical history, test availability and patient preference.
Why Follow-Up Matters
An abnormal stool-based screening result requires timely colonoscopy for further evaluation. Follow-up intervals after colonoscopy depend on findings such as the number, size and type of polyps identified. New symptoms, including rectal bleeding, persistent changes in bowel habits or unexplained iron-deficiency anaemia, warrant clinical evaluation rather than routine screening alone.
Key takeaway: Effective colorectal cancer prevention requires appropriate risk assessment, screening at the recommended interval and timely follow-up of abnormal findings.
Disclaimer: For healthcare professional education. Screening recommendations vary by country and individual risk. Clinical decisions should follow applicable local guidelines and professional judgement.